CLBO Crystal Fundamentals Explained

However, so as to process the crystal is very advanced producing tactics are needed. Considering that the dawn of the crystal, engaged on this challenge, we are now the one business on the globe that may be processed With this crystal.

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The main element problem of ultraviolet coherent light source mostly focuses on the development of nonlinear optical frequency conversion crystal in ultraviolet band. The nonlinear optical crystal is amongst the problems for frequency transformation, so the growth, dimension, damage resistance, conversion efficiency and allowable parameter selection of nonlinear optical crystal are demanded A growing number of.

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LBO is likewise a great nonlinear crystal which is usually applied to the SHG through the NIR to the eco-friendly. The DUV laser is usually realized by two phases of SFG in the LBO crystals due to the fact there is absolutely no section-matching angle for LBO to transform the green laser at 515 nm or 532 nm towards the DUV immediately by SHG [16]. Lately, the NSBBF crystal has also shown its likely to obtain a higher conversion efficiency from 532 nm to 266 nm. The wander-off angle and deff with the NSBBF are Just about similar to Those people of CLBO [seventeen].

On another side, the facility scaling on the NIR laser is another component to improve the regular electricity from the 193-nm DUV laser. As a result of not enough the substantial-electric power amplification Remedy of your NIR laser (by way of example at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency procedures including optical parameter oscillation (OPO) can be applied to establish a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from 1 μm to the specified wavelength along with getting relative larger power [21]. Just lately, a diamond Raman laser confirmed its capacity in accomplishing a high electrical power in addition to a high conversion efficiency in the 1st Stokes in the 1-μm laser [22,23], which implies the possibility to become click here applied inside the 193-nm DUV laser era as a result of its large Raman obtain and large frequency change.

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Inside the scientific and industrial programs, the beam high quality from the DUV laser can also be an essential parameter. Especially, the beam quality in the DUV laser significantly affects the laser machining success. The beam high-quality with the DUV laser is set by that of the elemental laser as well as crystal for that frequency conversion. Just lately, a high-electric power DUV laser (>10 W) at 258 nm was described using a beam quality of M2 < 1.five, which was created by FHG of a Yb:YAG laser at 1030 nm using the CLBO crystal [thirteen]. This laser would produce a much better laser machining final result when compared with the former DUV lasers with bigger M2.

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Furthermore, combining the stable-state laser with other nonlinear course of action like stimulated Raman scattering, NIR lasers may be achieved at new wavelengths with large electric power and superior beam top quality, which was tested with the evidence-of-basic principle experiment. This Raman laser plan provides a fresh route to the substantial-power DUV laser, Specifically with the wavelength of 193 nm.

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The conversion effectiveness from fundamental NIR to DUV is from 5% to 36% in accordance with the noted ends in Desk 1. Rising the conversion performance will reduce the stress on the design and setup of the elemental laser amplifier along with the electric powered energy intake. A fantastic beam high quality of the basic laser can even add towards the rising with the conversion performance and the appropriate electric power depth of your NIR and green laser while in the SHG and FHG course of action, respectively. The best conversion efficiencies from NIR to green and green to DUV laser by use of CLBO crystal are 70% and around fifty%, respectively [twelve], which corresponds to your conversion effectiveness of 35% from elementary to DUV.

The event of the 193-nm laser was shown by stages of SFG. So as to scale the DUV laser power properly, a new notion of your 193-nm DUV laser generation is offered based upon the diamond Raman laser.